http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).03
10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).03
Published : Mar 2021
Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden
This study explores the emergence of religious chauvinism in post 9/11 Pakistan in Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden'. The rise of chauvinism and militant connotations is not only provenance of great disintegration but also a menace to a prestigious survival of the state, a setback to the moderate majority of Pakistanis that takes pride in their nationality. Some extremist voices, which, no doubt nationalist though they are, yet stigmatize the soft image of Pakistan and Islam due to a harsher stand and their infatuation with blind religiosity. Focusing on Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013), this article argues about how religious seminaries in Pakistan misinterpret religious scripts to distribute hate among the masses to create an 'other' that suits their ideology and politics. The paper argues that fundamentalization in general and institutional radicalization in particular, which through state-controlled mechanisms, are let loose to the extent that they not only control society but also challenge the writ of the state.
-
Nation, Nationalism, Chauvinism, Jingoism, Identity, Institutional Radicalization
-
(1) Atta-ul-Mustafa
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Asif
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Ali Usman Saleem
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Ahmer, D. M. (2014, August 14). The myth of Pakistani nationalism. The Dawn [Karachi], p. Column.
- Alam, M. S. (2006, July 14). Israel, the US and the New Orientalism. August 24, 2019, https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/sear ch?q=cache:K7y8Et5sN_YJ:https://www.count erpunch.org/2006/07/14/israel-the-us-andthe-new-orientalism/
- Alam, M. S. (2006, July 14). Israel, the US and the New Orientalism. COUNTERPUNCH
- Ali, T. (2002). The clash of fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and modernity. Brooklyn, NY: Verso.
- Amjid, A. I. (2019, September 26). Science aur mazhab (Science and religion). Daily Express [Lahore], p. Today's Columns.
- Armstrong, K. (2011). A letter to Pakistan. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford university press.
- Aslam, N. (2013). The blind man's garden. New Delhi, India: Random House India
- Benard, C., Riddile, A., Wilson, P. A., & Popper, S. W. (2004). Civil democratic Islam: Partners, resources, and strategies (2nd ed.). California, CA: Rand Corporation.
- Birch, A. H. (2012). Nationalism and national integration (2nd ed.). California, CA: Routledge.
- Boone, J. (2014, December 16). Pakistan school siege survivors tell of terror: 'I saw death so close'. The Guardian [London], p. News.
- Butler, J., & Maxine, E.Professor of Rhetoric Judith P Butler. (2004). Precarious life: The powers of mourning and violence. California, CA: Verso.
- Cilano, C. N. (2013). Contemporary Pakistani fiction in English: Idea, nation, state. London: Routledge
- Dani, A. H. (1998). Founding fathers of Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: Sang-E-Meel Publication.
- Faist, T. (1998). Transnational social spaces out of international migration: Evolution, significance and future prospects. European Journal of Sociology, 39(2), 213-247. doi:10.1017/s0003975600007621
- Gilroy, P. (2004). Between camps: Nations, cultures and the allure of race. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology press.
- Hamid, M. (2008). The reluctant fundamentalist. London, UK: Penguin UK.
- Hubbard, G., & Miller, D. (2005). Arguments against G8. London, UK: Pluto Press (UK)
- Hussain, M., & Khan, A. (2012, June 30). Rising nationalism in Pakistan as a tool of public administration. ? https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous
- Inayatullah, S., & Boxwell, G. (2003). Islam, Postmodernism and other futures: A Ziauddin Sardar reader. London, UK: Pluto Press.
- Javaid, U. (2011). Thriving Fundamentalism and Militancy in Pakistan: An Analytical Overview of their Impact on the Society. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/searc h?q=cache:DTJia2WYX-4J:pu.edu.pk/images/ journal/csas/PDF/1- Dr.
- Jones, O. B. (2003). Pakistan: Eye of the storm. London, UK: Yale University Press.
- Kahn, R., & Kellner, D. (2007, January 1). (PDF) Resisting globalization. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240 595351_Resisting_globalization
- Kazimi, M. R. (2012). A concise history of Pakistan (4th ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: OUP Pakistan.
- Keniston, A., & Quinn, J. F. (2013). Literature after 9/11 (2 dd.). Philadelphia, PA: Routledge
- Lodhi, M. (2012). Pakistan beyond the crisis state (2nd ed.). London, UK: Hurst & Company
- Mamdani, M. (2005). Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Harmony
- Mao Tse Tung. (n.d.). Quotations from Mao Tse Tung - Chapter 5 https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/sear ch?q=cache:8RL4CiDZTscJ:https://www.marxi sts.org/reference/archive/mao/works/redbook/ch05.htm
- Merriam-Webster. (2020). Definition of chauvinism. In Dictionary by MerriamWebster: America's most-trusted online dictionary. https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/ chauvinism
- Mishra, P. (2012, July 27). The ruins of empire: Asia's emergence from western imperialism. The Guardian [London], p. Culture.
- Naqvi, H. (2012). Home boy (2nd ed.). London, UK: Penguin UK.
- Nayyar, N. A. (2019, November 17). Pakistani culture and Faiz's notion of a revolution. The News [Lahore], p. Literari.
- Rabasa, A., Chalk, P., Cragin, K., Daly, S. A., & Gregg, H. S. (2006). Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 1, the global jihadist movement (2nd ed.). California, CA: Rand Corporation
- Rahman, Z. H. (2014). In The Light of What We Know. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: NY
- Randhawa, A. (2015, October 23). Perils of religious chauvinism. The Dawn [Islamabad], p. Column.
- Ricks, T. E. (2014, July 14). The war against the Soviets in Afghanistan was run by Zia, not by us. Foreign Policy
- Searle-White, J. (2001). The psychology of nationalism. New York, NY: Springer.
Cite this article
-
APA : Atta-ul-Mustafa., Asif, M., & Saleem, A. U. (2021). Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden. Global Language Review, VI(I), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).03
-
CHICAGO : Atta-ul-Mustafa, , Muhammad Asif, and Ali Usman Saleem. 2021. "Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden." Global Language Review, VI (I): 20-30 doi: 10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).03
-
HARVARD : ATTA-UL-MUSTAFA., ASIF, M. & SALEEM, A. U. 2021. Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden. Global Language Review, VI, 20-30.
-
MHRA : Atta-ul-Mustafa, , Muhammad Asif, and Ali Usman Saleem. 2021. "Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden." Global Language Review, VI: 20-30
-
MLA : Atta-ul-Mustafa, , Muhammad Asif, and Ali Usman Saleem. "Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden." Global Language Review, VI.I (2021): 20-30 Print.
-
OXFORD : Atta-ul-Mustafa, , Asif, Muhammad, and Saleem, Ali Usman (2021), "Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden", Global Language Review, VI (I), 20-30
-
TURABIAN : Atta-ul-Mustafa, , Muhammad Asif, and Ali Usman Saleem. "Religious Chauvinism: An Emerging Counterproductive Dilemma of Post 9/11 Pakistani Nationalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden." Global Language Review VI, no. I (2021): 20-30. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).03