References

• Coleman, H. (2010). Teaching and learning in Pakistan: The role of language education. Islamabad: The British Council, 1-56.
• de Lotbiniere, M. (2010). Pakistan struggles to reverse falling university language skills. Retrieved from
• Ghazi, S. R., Ali, R., Shahzad, S., & Khan, M. S. (2010). Parental involvement in children academic motivation. Asian Social Science, 6(4), 93.
• HEC. (2020). English Language Teaching Reforms Phase II: A Project of Learning Innovation Division, HEC.
• HEC. (2020). English Language Teaching Reforms Project.
• HEC. (2016). Annual Report 2015-16.
• HEC. (2015). Annual Report 2014-15.
• HEC. (2011). Annual Report 2010-11.
• Interface. (2009). HEC's English language project just a waste of money.
• Khattak, Z. I., Abbasi, M. G. & Khattak, B. K. (2010). Teachers' professional development in EL at tertiary level: ELTR project of the higher education commission of Pakistan-a case study. Language in India, 10(6), 153-167
• Mansoor, S. (2010). Faculty development in higher education. Retrieved from
• Memon, G. R. (2007) Education in Pakistan: The Key Issues, Problems and the New Challenges. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3, 47-55.
• OECD. (Organization for international co-operation and development). (2009). Teaching and learning international survey (TALIS). Paris, OECD.
• Poskitt, J. (2005). Towards a model of New Zealand school-based teacher professional development. New Zealand Journal of Teachers' Work, 2(2), 136-151.
• Saleem, A., Masrur, R., & Afzal, Tanweer. (2014). Effect of professional development on enhancing the knowledge level of university teachers in Pakistan. Journal of Research and Reflection in Education, 8(2), 162-168.
• Sayers, D. (1984). Computer-Assisted Language Learning in Bilingual Vocational Education.
• Tahir, A., & Qadir, S. A. (2012). Challenges of classroom management to effective teacher socialization: A study of beginning English teachers. Pakistan journal of social sciences, 32(1), 21-37.